Papillomas on the neck

Throat papillomas are one of the manifestations of an infectious disease caused by the human papillomavirus. Applies to benign skin formations.

Causes of papillomas on the neck

There is one etiological reason why papillomas start to grow on the neck or in any other area of ​​the human body: infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), a member of the Papovaviridae family. There are more than 100 serotypes of this pathogenic agent, each of which is responsible for a different clinical picture of the disease (papilloma, warts, warts - these terms are synonymous, different names are associated with localization in a particular area).

The main routes of transmission are contact household and genitals (perianal warts). The virus is able to penetrate the skin only in the presence of microbial damage or open wounds, in other cases it is unable to cross the skin's protective barrier.

Information on pathogens

1. It has a high prevalence, regardless of gender (however, it is more common in women than men), age or region (according to some reports, 2/3 of the planets are infected with the virus).
2. Contains double, twisted ring DNA that can integrate into the human genome.
3. Infection with some strains is associated with a high carcinogenic risk, especially in the case of permanent injuries. Cervical papillomas are caused by oncogenic strains of the virus.
4. The virus goes through two main stages in the process of sharing. In the first stage, it is in an episomal (free) form, and during the same period the main division of the virus particle takes place. This phase is reversible (prolonged remission occurs after treatment). In the second - integrative - stage, the virus is implanted in the genome of the cell (the first step towards cell degeneration and the formation of malignancies). The first stage is transient and passes relatively quickly, while the second is latent and explains the existence of carriers.
5. The basal layer of the epidermis is affected, where the virus repeats itself. In the remaining layers, the pathogen may remain but not break down. Provided that the virus is present in the germ layer during growth, normal cell differentiation is disturbed in all layers of this area, especially at the level of the prickly layer.
6. There is a tendency for prolonged asymptomatic body transport (from several months to a year). It is rarely possible to identify a specific point in time of infection, which is why treatment is started at a time of intense clinical manifestations rather than after the first signs of uncertainty.
7. Bivalent and tetravalent vaccines are used to prevent infection and are particularly effective against the most oncogenic strains 16 and 18.

Predisposing factors

1. Lack of hygiene. As the virus is able to maintain vital activity in the external environment for a long time, when visiting public places (swimming pool, sauna, gym), the rules of personal hygiene must be carefully observed.
2. Traumatic skin injuries. Micro-cracks or scratches on the skin (such as those caused by rubbing the neck with a shirt collar) are sufficient for the virus to enter.
3. Impaired immune function. Immunodeficiency of any genesis creates favorable conditions for the development of any infection. For example, frequent colds and infectious diseases lead to a weakened immune system and the appearance of papillomas on the skin.
4. Self-infection by scratching the skin.
5. Systemic lifestyle disorders (stress, lack of physical activity, improper diet). These factors affect the entire metabolic process in the body and lead to a decrease in skin barrier function.
6. Environmental factors that affect the body's defenses (hypothermia, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation).

External manifestations of the disease

Photo throat papillomas look like this:

1. Growth is most often located on a broad base and protrudes significantly above the surface of the skin. Uncommonly, the base of the papilloma is represented by a thin leg (in this case, the formation occupies the hanging position). In the second option, the risk of injury is much higher.
2. The boundaries of education are even and clear.
3. The color is no different from the surrounding skin. In rare cases, it may be slightly paler or darker than the adjacent tissue.
4. The surface is often smooth and smooth. Sometimes there are possible growths in the upper part of the papilloma that make its surface corrugated.
5. The diameter varies greatly, from 1-3 mm to several centimeters (small diameter papillomas are more common).
6. Location in any area of ​​the neck (back, front). Sometimes a face is involved.

There is usually a lot of damage along the skin folds.

In very rare cases, papillomas on the neck may become malignant, that is, degenerate into a skin tumor. This can be due to infection with an oncogenic HPV strain.

Signs that may indicate a malignant transformation include:

• color change and heterogeneity (polymorphism);
• boundary change (blur, loss of definition);
• appearance of asymmetry (by drawing a line through the relative center of the formation, two identical sides cannot be obtained);
• intense growth;
• bleeding or ulceration (a non-specific symptom as it is also characteristic of a simple neoplasm injury);
• itching, burning, peeling;
• abandoners are formed (small daughter formations around the central one).

The appearance of such symptoms does not necessarily mean papilloma degeneration, but it does mean that you should consult a doctor and make a differential diagnosis to see if we are talking about a common inflamed mole or skin cancer.

How to get rid of papillomas on the neck

Treatment of papillomas on the neck is performed only in complex, simultaneously affecting the pathological focus on the skin and the pathogen itself in the blood.

There are several ways to fight:

Method	Description
Medications	The use of cytostatic agents, immunomodulators, is intended to suppress the replication of the viral agent in the affected area and to reduce its concentration in the blood. Some medicines (keratolytics) are used directly topically to kill skin growth (cauterize and cause tissue necrosis).
Physical Methods	Cryodestruction, laser therapy, electrocoagulation. Their goal is to get rid of papillomas in the neck and other parts of the body. These methods allow you to restore the aesthetic appearance of open areas and remove the virus reservoir - the skin itself is neoplasm, but they do not completely remove the virus from the body.
Combination therapy	Combines the two previous options and is therefore the most effective.

Treatment of papillomas with folk remedies (such as celandine juice) is ineffective and often dangerous, in any case a prerequisite is consultation with a doctor.

Physical destruction methods

It is possible to effectively reduce formations using the following physical methods:

Method	Description
Topical operation with concentrated acid solutions	1. 5% zinc chloropropionate solution in 50% 2-chloropropionic acid, a combination of nitrogen, acetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and copper nitrate trihydrate, etc. is used. The outpatient procedure is performed by a specialist (dermatovenerologist, cosmetologist), following the surgical rules. . . . The agent is applied with a spatula in one direction until the color of the formation changes to lighter (as soon as this happens, further use should be stopped immediately). On average, you need to perform 1-2 procedures to completely cure papilloma.
Electrocoagulation	Using a special electric knife, the formation points are cut out without affecting the underlying tissues (this has minimal effect on healthy skin cells). The method is most convenient if the formation has a long stem and a small size.
Cryodestruction	Focus is exposed to liquid nitrogen, especially at low temperatures leading to tissue necrosis. It is good to clean this type of education with a broad base. Nitrogen action time is chosen by a specialist (1-5 minutes). After moxibization, a burn develops, which heals in an average of 10 days.
Laser Removal	The most modern and sophisticated approach to removing growths in visible places, such as the neck. There are the most positive reviews. Using the light guide for 5 seconds to 3 minutes in continuous mode, they operate in focus. The healing period is much shorter than with other methods (5-7 days). The technique involves minimal injury to the surrounding tissues due to the high accuracy of the operation.
Classical surgical removal (scalpel removal)	Extremely rare, only with severe damage or suspected malignancy. The reason is that the lesions are often multiple, scattered around the neck and too small to be excised, and scars may remain after surgical excision, which in themselves causes a cosmetic defect.